Comparaison des frameworks d'applications web
Ceci est une comparaison des frameworks d'application web les plus connus.
Généralités
PHP
Projet | Date de début | Version stable courante | Date de publication | Type de framework | Licence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agavi | 2005-05 | 1.0.7 | 2011-12-22 | framework d'application web | LGPL |
Aiki Framework | 2009-09 | 0.9.0 | 2011-12-24 | framework d'application web | AGPLv3 |
AppFlower | 2009-02 | 1.2 | 2011-12-21 | framework d'application web | GPLv3 |
CakePHP | 2005-08 | 3.2.8 | 2016-04-24 | framework d'application web | MIT |
CodeIgniter | 2006-01 | 2.1.1 | 2012-06-13[1] | framework d'application web | OSLv3 |
e107 | 2004-11 | 1.0.1 | 2012-03-30 | framework d'application web | GPLv2 |
Flow3 | 2007-01 | 1.1 | 2012-05-15 | framework d'application web | LGPLv3 |
FuelPHP | 2010-10 | 1.2.1 | 2012-06-03 | framework d'application web | MIT |
Fusebox | 1997-11 | 5.5.1 | 2008-03-01 | framework d'application web | Apache |
Horde | 2002-02 | 4.0.8 | 2012-05-29[2] | framework d'application web | GPL, LGPL, BSD, Apache |
Laravel | 2011-06 | 5.1 | 2012-09-03[3] | framework d'application web | MIT |
Lithium | 2009-10 | 0.10 | 2011-06-18 | framework d'application web | BSD |
Mouf | 2009-08 | 2.0 | 2015-01-07 | framework d'application web | MIT |
Qcodo | 2005-10 | 0.4.22 | 2011-08-15[4] | framework d'application web | MIT |
Seagull | 2003-10 | 0.6.8 | 2010-12-03 | framework d'application web | BSD |
Symfony | 2005-10 | framework d'application web | MIT | ||
Xyster Framework | 2007-09 | 02 Build 01 | 2010-10-18 | framework d'application web | BSD |
Yii | 2008-01 | 1.1.12 | 2012-08-19 | framework d'application web | New BSD |
Zend Framework | 2006-03 | 2.0.0 | 2012-09-05[5] | framework d'application web | New BSD |
Zeta Components (ex-eZ Components) | 2005-11 | eZ Components 2009.2.1 | 2010-03-22[6] | framework d'application web | Apache |
Zikula | 2008-06 | 1.3.3 | 2012-05-08 | framework d'application web | LGPLv3 or later |
Projet | Date de début | Version stable courante | Date de publication | Type de framework | Licence |
ASP.NET
Projet | Langage | Version stable courante | Date de publication | Licence |
---|---|---|---|---|
ASP.NET MVC | ASP.NET | 4.0 Beta | 2012-02-15 | Microsoft Public License v2[7] |
Base One Foundation Component Library (BFC) | ASP.NET | 7.43 | 2011-01-15 | Propriétaire |
Component-based Scalable Logical Architecture (CSLA) | C#, Visual Basic .NET | 4.3.10 | 2012-03-04 | Proprietary freeware, no limit on use type |
DotNetNuke | ASP.NET | 6.01.02 | 2011-07-25 | MIT |
Kentico | ASP.NET | 6.0 | 2011-10-10 | Propriétaire |
MonoRail (software) | ASP.NET | 2.1 RC | 2011-03-17 | Apache |
OpenRasta | ASP.NET | 2.0 RC | 2009-11-04 | MIT |
Nancy | C#, Visual Basic .NET | 0.6.0 | 2011-06 | MIT |
C++
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de publication | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
CppCMS | 1.2.0 | 2018-01-16 | MIT[8] |
Tntnet | 2.1 | 2012-05-19 | LGPL |
Wt | 3.2.2-p1 | 2012-07-27 | GPL, propriétaire |
Platinum | 1.0.0-tr4 | 2012 | LGPL |
ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
ColdBox Platform | 3.5.2 | 2012-08-01 | Apache v2 |
ColdFusion on Wheels | 1.1.7 | 2011-12-14 | Apache v2 |
ColdSpring | 1.2 | 2008-09-12 | Apache v2 |
Fusebox | 5.5.1 | 2008-03-08 | Apache |
FW/1 | 1.2 | 2010-10-18 | Apache v2 |
Mach-II | 1.8.1 | 2010-09-20 | GPLv3 with Classpath exception |
Model-Glue | 3.1.185 | 2009-08-11 | Apache |
onTap | 3.3 | 2009-11-07 | BSD |
ECMAScript
Projet | Langage | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flex | ActionScript, MXML | 4.8 | 2012-07-25 | Apache |
Java
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
Apache OFBiz | 18.12.05 | January 2022 | Apache Software License 2.0 (ASL 2.0) |
Apache Shale | 1.0.4 | 2007-12-19 | Apache |
Apache Sling | 6 | 2011-04-18 | Apache 2.0 |
Apache Struts | 2.3.4 | 2012-05-12 | Apache 2.0 |
Apache Tapestry | 5.3.7 | 2013-04-29 | Apache |
Apache Wicket | 7.4.0 | 2016-10-12 | Apache |
AppFuse | 2.1 | 2011-04-04 | Apache |
Eclipse RAP | 1.4.1 | 2011-09-23 | Eclipse |
FormEngine | 2.0.1 | 2012-05-08 | MIT, propriétaire |
Grails | 2.3.5 | 2014-01-16 | Apache |
Google Web Toolkit | 2.5.1 | 2013-03-11 | Apache |
Hamlets | 1.7 | 2011-03-11 | BSD |
ItsNat | 1.2 | 2011-05-24 | LGPL, propriétaire |
JavaServer Faces | 2.1 | 2010-10-22 | Implementation dependent |
JBoss Seam | 3.1.0 final | 2012-01-13 | LGPL |
Jspx-bay | 1.1.0 | 2011-02-17 | Apache 2.0 |
JVx WebUI | 0.9 | 2011-04-01 | Apache 2.0 |
ManyDesigns Portofino | 3.1.10 | 2011-03-22 | GPLv3 |
OpenLaszlo | 4.9.0 | 2010-10-21 | CPL |
OpenXava | 4.5 | 2012-07-19 | LGPL |
Oracle ADF | 11.1.1.5 | 2011-05-06 | Oracle Technology Network Developer License |
Play! | 2.2.0 | 2013-09-20 | Apache 2.0 |
RIFE | 1.6.1 | 2007-07-14 | CDDL, LGPL |
SmartClient | 8.0 | 2011-01-05 | LGPL |
Spring | 3.1.2 | 2012-07-09 | Apache |
Stripes | 1.5.7 | 2012-05-17 | Apache |
ThinWire | 1.2 | 2007-09-17 | GPL |
Vaadin | 6.7.6 | 2012-03-06 | Apache |
Wavemaker | 6.3.3 | 2011-09-22 | Apache |
WebObjects | 5.4.3 | 2008-09-15 | Propriétaire |
WebWork | 2.2.6 | 2007-07-21 | Apache |
ZK | 6.0.2 | 2012-07-24 | LGPL, ZOL |
ztemplates | 2.4.0 | 2011-09-11 | Apache |
JavaScript
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
Node.js plusieurs frameworks populaires | 0.11.5 | 2013-08-06 | MIT |
qooxdoo | 1.5 | 2011-07-13 | LGPL ou Eclipse |
SproutCore | 1.8 (beta 2.0) | 2012-03-07 | MIT |
WaveMaker (client side) | 6.3.3 | 2011-09-22 | Apache |
Scala
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de publication | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
Circumflex | 2.3 | 2012-08-23 | BSD |
Play! | 2.5.2 | 2015-04-14 | Apache 2.0 |
Lift | 2.4 | 2012-01-12 | Apache 2.0 |
Scalate | 1.5.3 | 2011-11-14 | Apache |
Scalatra | 2.1.1 | 2012-09-01 | BSD |
Perl
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
Catalyst | 5.90105 | 2016-06-08 | Artistic, GPL |
Dancer | 1.3202 | 2015-11-07 | Artistic, GPL |
Mason | 2.24 | 2015-05-16 | Artistic, GPL |
Maypole | 2.13 | 2008-04-18 | Artistic, GPL |
Mojolicious | 6.64 | 2016-06-09 | Artistic |
Reaction | 0.002005 | 2011-03-08 | Artistic, GPL |
Python
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de publication | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
BlueBream | 1.0 | 2011-01-18 | ZPL |
Bottle | 0.12.9 | 2011-01-18 | MIT |
CherryPy | 3.2.2 | 2011-10-28 | BSD |
CubicWeb | 3.15.2[9] | 2012-07-24 | LGPL |
Django | BSD | ||
Flask | BSD | ||
Grok | 1.4 | 2011-04-04 | ZPL |
Nagare | 0.4.1 | 2012-01-18 | BSD |
Plone | 4.2 | 2012-07-05 | GPL |
Pyjamas | 0.8 | 2012-06-01 | Apache |
Pylons | 1.0.0 | 2010-05-28 | BSD |
Pyramid | 1.3 | 2012-03-21 | BSD |
Tornado | 2.3[10] | 2012-05-31 | Apache |
TurboGears | 2.2 | 2012-08-23 | MIT, LGPL |
web2py | 1.99.7 | 2012-03-04[11] | LGPLv3 |
Webware | 1.1 | 2011-08-03 | Python |
Zope 2 | 2.13.15 | 2012-06-22[12] | ZPL |
Ruby
Projet | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
---|---|---|---|
Camping | 2.1 | 2010-08-20 | MIT |
Ruby on Rails | 3.2.8 | 2012-08-09 | MIT, Ruby |
Ramaze | 2011.07.25 | 2011-07-25 | Ruby |
Sinatra | 1.3.3 | 2012-08-19 | MIT |
Merb | 1.1.2 | 2010-06-17 | MIT |
Nitro | 0.41 | 2006-12-12 | BSD |
PureMVC | 2.0.4 | 2008-08-14 | CC +Attribution |
Autres
Projet | Langage | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
---|---|---|---|---|
AIDA/Web | Smalltalk | 6.5 | 2012-08-27 | MIT |
Application Express | PL/SQL | 4.1 | 2011-08-24 | Propriétaire freeware |
Grails | Groovy (JVM) | 2.0.1 | 2012-02-14 | Apache |
Kepler | Lua | 1.1.1 | 2009-03-11 | MIT |
Morfik | C#, BASIC, Pascal, Java | 3.0.8.1 | 2010-12-13 | Logiciel propriétaire |
Noir | Clojure | 1.2.2 | ? | Eclipse |
Ocsigen | OCaml | 2.0.4 | 2012-03-09 | LGPL |
Opa | Opa | 1.0.5 | 2012-08-02 | MIT et AGPL |
OpenACS | Tcl | 5.7.0 | 2011-07-17 | GPL |
Seaside | Smalltalk | 3.0 | 2010-09-13 | MIT |
Compojure | Clojure | 1.0.1 | 2012-01-08 | Eclipse |
Zotonic | Erlang | 0.8.1 | 2012-08-11 | Apache |
Projet | Langage | Version stable courante | Date de mise à jour | Licence |
Comparaison des fonctionnalités
ASP.NET
Projet | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASP.NET MVC | |||||||||||
BFC | |||||||||||
DotNetNuke | (no) | Pull | |||||||||
Kentico CMS | |||||||||||
MonoRail | Active record | Push | |||||||||
OpenRasta | (no) | Push | (no) | (no) | (no) |
C++/C
Projet | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CppCMS | (no) | (no) | |||||||||
Wt | (no) | (no) | |||||||||
Tntnet | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) |
ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)
Projet | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ColdBox Platform | Push-pull | via MockBox, MXUnit, others | via plugin | via plugin | |||||||
ColdFusion on Wheels | via plugin jLingua | via plugin | via plugin | ||||||||
Fusebox | via CF or any JavaScript library | Push | (no), custom | via lexicons for Transfer, Reactor | via MXUnit, autres | (no) | via plugins | via lexicon for ColdSpring | (no) | ||
Mach-II | via CF or any JavaScript library | Push | via plugin | via MXUnit, autres | via plugins | ||||||
Model-Glue | via CF or any JavaScript library | Push | via MXUnit, autres | via plugins | |||||||
onTap | Push | via MXUnit, others | DataFaucet has potential - supports multiple db platforms | ||||||||
Projet | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | i18n & L10n? | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
ECMAScript
Projet | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flex | ActionScript, MXML | (no) |
Java
Projet | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spring | Java | Push | ||||||||||
Apache Click | Java | Page oriented | Pull | |||||||||
Apache OFBiz | Java | |||||||||||
Apache Sling | Java | Uses JCR content repository | ||||||||||
Apache Struts | Java | |||||||||||
Apache Wicket | Java | Modular event driven | Pull | |||||||||
FormEngine | Java | own connector API | ||||||||||
ItsNat | Java | Push | ||||||||||
JavaServer Faces | Java | Pull | Yes, with extensions | |||||||||
JBoss Seam | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
Jspx-bay | Java | Own API | Master-content pages | |||||||||
JVx WebUI | Java | Single sourcing | ||||||||||
OpenXava | Java | UI is automatically generated | ||||||||||
Play | Java | |||||||||||
RIFE | Java | |||||||||||
Stripes | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
Apache Tapestry | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
Vaadin | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
Wavemaker | JavaScript (client), Java (server) | Push | ||||||||||
WebObjects | Java | |||||||||||
ztemplates | Java JDK 1.5 or newer | Push, multiple actions per URL | ||||||||||
Google Web Toolkit | Java, JavaScript | JUnit (too early), jsUnit (too difficult), Selenium (best) | via Java | |||||||||
ZK | Java, ZUML | |||||||||||
Projet | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | i18n & L10n? | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
JavaScript
Projet | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qooxdoo | |||||||||||
SproutCore |
Perl
Projet | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catalyst | Perl | Push in its most common usage | ||||||||||
Dancer | Perl | Push | ? | ? | ||||||||
Interchange | Perl | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mason | Perl | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Maypole | Perl | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mojolicious | Perl | (no) | Push | (no) | (no) | (no) | ||||||
Reaction | Perl | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
PHP
Projet | Start Date | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) | Échafaudage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AppFlower | 2009-02 | PHP 5 | Push | Plugin exists | Plugin | |||||||||
CakePHP | 2005-08 | PHP 5.2+ | Push | |||||||||||
CodeIgniter | 2006-01 | PHP >= 5.1 | Push | Mostly[13] | Third party only | Non[14] | ||||||||
FuelPHP | 2010-10 | PHP >= 5.3.x | Push | |||||||||||
Fusebox | 1997-11 | PHP | Push | Non, custom | Multiple plugins available | |||||||||
Laravel | 2011-06 | PHP 5.3 | Non | |||||||||||
Mouf | 2009-08 | PHP | Pull | |||||||||||
PRADO | 2004-07 | PHP 5 (>=5.3.0) | Non | |||||||||||
Qcodo | 2005-10 | PHP 5 | Push | Inherent | Non | |||||||||
Symfony | 2005-10 | PHP 5 | Push | Plugin exists (alpha code) | Plugin | |||||||||
Symfony 2 | 2010 | PHP 5.3 | Push | Plugin exists (alpha code) | n | |||||||||
Yii | 2008-01 | PHP 5 (>=5.1.0) | ||||||||||||
Zend Framework | 2006-03 | PHP 5 (>=5.2.4) | Non | |||||||||||
Zikula | 2008-06 | PHP | NC | Non |
Python
Projet | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) | Python 3.* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CherryPy | Python | ORM agnostic | use stdlib's unittest and doctest | depends on ORM | Templating engine agnostic | Form validation engine agnostic | |||||||
CubicWeb | Python | (no) | |||||||||||
Flask | Python | Push | |||||||||||
Grok | Python | Pull | |||||||||||
Pyjamas | Python, JavaScript | Use PureMVC Python version (compiled to JavaScript) | ??, no direct data access | (no) | (no) | ||||||||
Pylons | Python | Push | ORM-agnostic | via nose | depends on ORM | pluggable: Mako, Genshi, Myghty, Kid, more | Beaker cache (memory, memcached, file, databases) | preferred formencode | (no) | ||||
Pyramid | Python | Push | ORM-agnostic | depends on ORM | Beaker cache (memory, memcached, file, databases) | preferred formencode | |||||||
Django | Python | Push | |||||||||||
TurboGears | Python | Push | (no) | ||||||||||
web2py | Python | Push | (no) | ||||||||||
Webware | Python | (no) | Pull | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | |||||
BlueBream (Zope 3) | Python | Pull | (no) | ||||||||||
Zope 2 | Python | Pull | (no) | ||||||||||
mnml | Python | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) |
Ruby
Projet | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Camping | (no) | Push | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | |||||
Nitro | Push | ||||||||||
Ruby on Rails | Push | ||||||||||
Sinatra (logiciel) | (no) | Push | (no) | (no) |
Scala
Projet | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Circumflex | (no) | Push | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | |||
Play Framework | Push | ||||||||||
Lift | Push | ||||||||||
Scalate | (no) | (no) | Push | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | |
Scalatra | (no) | Push | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) | (no) |
Autres
Projet | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | Internationalisation | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIDA/Web | Smalltalk | |||||||||||
Application Express | PL/SQL | |||||||||||
Grails | Groovy | Active record | Push | |||||||||
Kepler | Lua | |||||||||||
Lift | Scala | Pull | ||||||||||
Ocsigen | OCaml | |||||||||||
Opa | Opa | |||||||||||
OpenACS | Tcl | |||||||||||
Seaside | Smalltalk | (no), intentionally | ||||||||||
Projet | Langage | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | i18n & L10n? | ORM | Testing framework(s) | DB migration framework(s) | Security framework(s) | Template framework(s) | Caching framework(s) | Form validation framework(s) |
Notes et références
- ↑ (en) « CodeIgniter 3.1.4 released », sur codeigniter.com (consulté le ).
- ↑ « Downloads », sur horde.org (consulté le ).
- ↑ (en) « Laravel 3.2 Released! (Page 3) », sur laravel.com via Internet Archive (consulté le ).
- ↑ « Qcodo Development Framework - Forums », sur qcodo.com via Wikiwix (consulté le ).
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ « ASP.NET MVC, Web API, Razor and Open Source », sur asp.net (consulté le ).
- ↑ « How.is.CppCMS.licensed », sur cppcms.com, (consulté le )
- ↑ (en) « Cubicweb 3.15.2 (CubicWeb's Forge) », sur cubicweb.org via Wikiwix (consulté le ).
- ↑ « What’s new in Tornado 2.3 - Tornado 2.4.1 documentation », sur tornadoweb.org via Internet Archive (consulté le ).
- ↑ http://web2py.com/examples/default/download
- ↑ (en) « Getting Zope 2 - The Zope 2 Application Server », sur zope.org via Wikiwix (consulté le ).
- ↑ Language helper included, must activate & set desired language by parsing HTTP headers.{http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/language.html}
- ↑ (en) « Change Log : CodeIgniter User Guide », EllisLab, Inc. (consulté le )
- ↑ (en) « PRADO QuickStart Tutorial », sur pradosoft.com via Wikiwix (consulté le ).
- ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20171205061117/http://www.pradosoft.com:80/demos/quickstart/?page=Configurations.Templates1.
- ↑ (en) « PRADO QuickStart Tutorial », sur pradosoft.com via Wikiwix (consulté le ).
- ↑ (en) « PRADO QuickStart Tutorial », sur pradosoft.com via Wikiwix (consulté le ).
- ↑ « Initial Prototyping : Scaffolding », sur Yii Framework (consulté le ).
- ↑ Spring Security plugin
- ↑ Apache Shiro plugin
Voir aussi
Article publié sur Wikimonde Plus
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